PRIMBON : PREPOSITION IN, ON, & AT

·      I live in Palangka Raya.

·      We will meet the principal on Monday.

·      My sister and I always study at night.

The bold-typed words are prepositions. A preposition is a word or groups of words used before a noun or a pronoun to show place, position, time or method.

Preposition	Usage
in	You use ‘in’ with periods of times and places. Example: ·       Months " in May ·       Seasons " in winter ·       Country " in France ·       City or town names " in Paris ·       Times of the day " in the morning, afternoon or evening. Exception: at noon, at night
on	You use ‘on’ with specific days. Examples: on Friday, on New Year’s Day, on August 7th Note: American English " ‘on the weekend’ or ‘on weekends’
at	You use ‘at’ with specific times and specific places. Examples: at 7 o’clock, at 7.30, at night, at school Note: British English " ‘at the weekend’ or ‘at weekends’

PRIMBON : VOCABULARY AROUND THE HOUSE

PRIMBON : PASSIVE VOICE

The passive voice is a grammatical construction (a "voice") in which the subject of a sentence or clause denotes the recipient of the action rather than the performer.

                         S       V        O
ACTIVE : (a) Mary helped the boy.
                            S             V
PASSIVE : (b) The boy was helped by Mary

Form of the passive : be + past participle

PRIMBON : ASKING IF SOMEONE REMEMBERS OR NOT

Formal expressions:
Ø I wonder if you remember.....
Ø You remember...., don’t you?
Ø You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
Ø Don’t you remember.....?
Ø Do you happen to remember it now?

Ways to respond:
Ø Let me think, yes, I remember.
Ø I remember especially the scenery.

PRIMBON : OFFERING

Offering is the expression of “ Would you like....”is normally used for offering something to someone.

Example:
Ratna : Would you like a juice, Brenda?
Brenda : Yes, please. Thank you. Hmmm...this juice tastes good
Ratna : Thank you. I’m glad you like it.

PRIMBON : SIMPLE FUTURE

Simple future is used for describing job or action that will to do (happened) at future.
A. In order to
1. Future tense “will”
a. To assert incident/event that future and decide that incident at talking.
Example= A: can you help me to do this home work?
B: of course, I will do it for you.

b. To offer to do something.
Example= A: I don’t have a pen to write.
B: don’t worry. I will lend you.

PRIMBON : NOUN PHRASES

Definition
The noun phrase is a group of words that ends with a noun. It can contain determiners (the, a, this, etc.), adjectives, adverbs, and nouns. It cannot begin with a preposition. Remember that both subjects and complements are generally noun phrases.

1. Noun phrases is constraction function as subject and object .
2. Noun phrases is either a single noun or pronoun or any group of words
containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.

PRIMBON : FINITE VERBS

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs.
Finite verb can form “ Independent clause “ which can stand by their own as complete sentences , an independent clause as a complete sentence. It contains themain subject and verb of a sentences.

PRIMBON : NEWS ITEM

Justin Bieber reported, has 51 years old. For more news see this video.

This video is the example of news item. However, the news was not good enough. Because not yet qualified. Here, we will discuss ways to bring news with good.

PRIMBON : INTRODUCING IT

Definition
Introducing it is a way of someone to introduce his or herself or introduce other people.

Introducing oneself and other people
• Introducing oneself
- Let me (allow me to) introduce myself. I’m …(Rini)
- Hi, my name’s …(Rino)
- Hello, I’m Ratna. How do you do?
- Good morning, Sir. I’m Rini your new secretary.

PRIMBON : DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text
Descriptive text is available for a screen reader device to audibly describe a graph or map so a visually impaired user can understand the graphical information . Or to describe the characteristic of particular Person, thing , or place .

* Text structure:
- Identification: Identifies thing, person, place, phenomenon to be described.
- Description: Gives the information of particular thing, person, or
Place being discussed or describes parts, qualities, or
Characteristic.

PRIMBON : DIRECT & INDRECT SPEECH

A. Direct speech
Direct speech refers to reproducing another person’s exact word oe saying exactly what someone has said(sometimes called quoted speech) here what a peson says appears within quotation marks (“….”) and should be word for word.
For example :
She said,”today’s lesson is on presentations.” Or
“Today’s lesson is on presentations,” she said.

B.Indirect speech
Indirect speech (sometimes called reported speech),doesn’t use quotation marks to enclpse what the person said and it doesn’t have to be word for word.

PRIMBON : MODALS IN THE PAST FORM

When do we use modals?
* To talk about someone's ability (or inability) to do something
   example:
   "We can find your house without the street plan."
   "She can't have a daughter that old!"
* To talk about an action that is necessary (or impossible, or not necessary)
   example:
   "You must always have your driver's licence when you are driving your car."
   "You needn't carry your passport around with you."
* To talk about a situation that is possible (or impossible)
   example:
   "Do be careful with that glass, the baby might knock it over"

PRIMBON : NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative text is story, mostly, narrative are imaginary stories but sometimes narratives can be factual too. Narrative text is to tell something in the past. Narrative includes fairy stories, fables, mystery, science, fictions any romance and horror.

Narrative have three elements, there are:
• Orientation is sets the scene and the participant
• Complication is crisis arias
• Resolution is include the crisis resolved for the better or worse.
Likes Recount text, Narrative text using verb II, too.

PRIMBON : ASKING FOR INFORMATION

Have you looking for information ? Everybody need information. So, how do you get information ? Just waiting for that information come by itself ? I think it's impossible. There's no way the news will come by itself. So, definitely you would asking for information with someone. Now, I will give you the material how to asking for information with someone.

Asking Information there are a number of formulas used when asking for information in English.

PRIMBON : INVITATION (WRITTEN)

Have you ever throw a party or an event ? If so, would you ever make an invitation. And how do you invite someone for that person present in the event that you make ? Some people still don't know, how to invite someone with properly and correctly. Now, in my blog, I will give you a way how to invite someone with properly and correctly. Here I will discuss all of the invitations. Start from the meaning of invitation, until how to make invitation with properly and correctly.

PRIMBON : SURPRISES & DISBELIEFS

Surprise or disbeliefs is :

• a feeling that we feel when we heard an amazing news which surprised and amazed us
• an expression that we show/say when we know/hear/see something that rather difficult to believe
• used to express something that we can’t or impossible.

Surprise is a brief emotional state experienced as the result of an unexpected significant event. Surprise can have any valence; that is, it can be neutral, pleasant, or unpleasant. If a person experiences a very powerful or long lasting surprise it may be considered shock.

PRIMBON : GRATITUDE, COMPLIMENT, & CONGRATULATION

Gratitude, Compliment, and Congratulation is a form of expression and feelings of pleasure to the assistance provided sayings, exprssion compliment with someone, and expression of pleased with the success of others.


Gratitude is an expression that we show or say to express grateful feeling to other people. When speaking English, you say “thanks” very often. Please say “thank you” when people give you something, help you do something, wish you something and give you a compliment etc.